The extraordinariness of being able to pull out a gadget and call anyone you like may not ring loud and clear. But try to imagine life without it.
Once upon a time, calling on somebody meant going to their house and knocking on their door. Then came an invention called the telephone, along with ancillary innovations that allowed this new invention to spread across the land.
You already knew that, of course. What you may not know is that the telecommunications industry got its start right here in New Haven.
The first phone-like contraption, with voices conveyed by wires in real time, was invented in Italy in 1849, well before Alexander Graham Bell made his famed “first call” in 1876 Boston. But Bell had the resources to run with the idea. With investors and a US patent, he started the Bell Telephone Company in 1877.
Yet the telephone couldn’t achieve commercial success without infrastructure to support it. So Bell traveled around the country to demonstrate the workings and possibilities of his contraption, arriving in New Haven on April 27. He booked the stage at the newly opened New Haven Opera House, on Chapel Street near Olive, and showed off his game-changing gadget. A band played music into a telephone in Middletown, while the crowd in New Haven, plus a second audience in Hartford, listened to the music—and each other—through telephones on their ends. It was the world’s first three-way phone chat, performed through a single line.
In the New Haven audience was George Coy, a local telegraph operator. Using kettle lids, carriage bolts and corset wires, Coy had already built a prototype switchboard he believed could allow more than one phone line to connect at the same time. After watching Bell’s demonstration, Coy became convinced that his device would actually work, and he patented it that year.
Soon after, on January 28, 1878, Coy set up the world’s first commercial telephone exchange, working out of a since-demolished building at the intersection of Chapel and State Streets. His franchise of the Bell Company was the first in the world, initially called the District Telephone Company of New Haven. Its first subscriber was Reverend John E. Todd, and when Todd made the first call, operator Herrick Frost, a boy, answered the phone by saying, “Ahoy, ahoy.” That same year, Coy created the first telephone directory, which was 50 subscribers and one page long. Due to persistent advertising and a pervasive sense that the telephone would alter people’s lives for the better, lines were laid between New Haven and Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1879, also connecting the towns between.
As the technology took root, Coy’s telephone enterprise was expanding and changing. After a slew of identity changes, in 1882 a new name was taken, and this one stuck: Southern New England Telephone Company, which would become better known as SNET. In 1888, the company moved to new quarters in a four-story building on Court Street. Within a few decades, success demanded another building, constructed next door in 1916. Then, in 1938, the enterprise built a handsome Art Deco-style office tower at 227 Church Street (now The Eli apartments). All of this dovetailed with flurries of new construction—offices, annexes and switching stations—throughout Connecticut and southern Massachusetts.
SNET wasn’t alone, of course. American Telegraph & Telephone (AT&T) formed out of a prior entity in 1885 and would buy out Bell Telephone Company, its parent, in 1899, going on to become the dominant American phone company of the 20th century.
Not in southern New England, though, where SNET remained on top. It lasted as an independent—and innovative—entity until 1998, when it was purchased by SBC Communications. Not only did SNET’s lineage create the first telephone exchange and earliest phone directory, but the company reportedly installed the first phone booth and the first pay phone, and was the earliest adopter of call-waiting technology.
When you’re making your next call, or navigating your next phone directory, or taking the next call that comes through while you’re on the other line—and whether you’re doing these things in New Haven or Shanghai—you can thank the efforts of the small regional telephone company built right here in New Haven.
Written by Colin Caplan. Image, provided courtesy of Colin Caplan and Magrisso Forte, features an illustration of the switchboard invented by George Coy. This updated story was originally published on June 26, 2015.
